Encyclopedia of Science News LHC Library Video Library Book Club Challenges Children questions Posters Science calendar Science and Law Zhob Science in RuNet Sign up for news of science (in Subscribe.ru) Library H. Koronovskii "Earth". A chapter from the book by Resnick saladett Print sharkskin A. Payevsky Unicellular giants bacteria phoenixes and icy sea anemone M. Popov, M. Lavrenchenko Where are Ivanko Zhiroslav and Milyata? O. Zakutnyaya Long road to neuron B. Stern Where did the universe saladett come Levin quarks - a half-century M. Popov, A. Muradova whether saladett to eat globalization Celtic languages? A. Kharlamov, A. Grasmick ZaLISovki Interview with V. Mukhanov saladett Four concrete investigation saladett and another
Fig. 1. GRB 110328A. Combined photo taken with ultraviolet / optical (white and purple) and X-ray (yellow and red) telescopes space observatory "Swift". Splash was recorded saladett March 28, 2011 only in X-rays (with an exposure of more than 3 hours). Image from NASA press release: NASA / Swift / Stefan Immler
March 28, 2011 the American space observatory "Swift" registered in the constellation Draco very unusual X-ray source (see. Fig. 1). He was classified as a gamma-ray burst (gamma-ray bursts) and received a catalog number GRB 110328A. To his study without delay connected space telescope "Hubble" and X-ray orbiting observatory "Chandra." NASA reported to the opening on 7 April. GRB 110328A stands out from the other gamma-ray bursts in several respects. Firstly, it was extremely long. As a rule, the maximum length of the so-called long gamma-ray bursts measured in tens of seconds, sometimes - in minutes or tens of minutes and is extremely rare - the clock (there is also a short gamma-ray bursts with an average length of 300 milliseconds, which constitute a separate family). New surge has been observed saladett for more than a week and shows no inclination to extinction (in fact, there is every reason to believe that it came to light for the first time the Earth for at least two days before he was discovered by "Swift"). However, the maximum energy saladett of the photon burst GRB 110328A on the third day of observations decreased significantly, but over the seventh and eighth days rose again, although not to the same level (these oscillations saladett can be easily seen in Fig. 2). Secondly, this burst of extremely bright and extremely volatile - as can be seen in the same graph, the intensity jumps dramatically and so quickly falls several saladett times a day. Until now, such a gamma-ray bursts have never been observed.
Astrophysics saladett differently explain the birth of gamma-ray bursts of different length. The most popular model for the origin of short bursts of claims that they arise from the collision of magnetized neutron stars that orbit around their common center of inertia and gradually approach each other due to the loss of kinetic energy carried away by gravitational waves. According to newly published results of computer simulation of this process, such a collision produces a rapidly rotating saladett black hole surrounded by a superhot plasma heated to about 10 billion degrees. Plasma particles move around the horizon hole at nearly the speed and thereby generate superstrong magnetic field oriented along its axis of rotation. These fields are created in the space okolodyrnom expanding the neck through which pulled the powerful streams of charged particles that generate saladett short gamma-ray bursts. However, the authors of the new work did not bring his model to the stage of formation of such flows - the so-called relativistic jets, or what is the same thing as relativistic jets. However, earlier theorists have shown that birth jets favorable magnetic field is in a configuration that was modeled in the new work.
Long gamma-ray bursts is usually explained again the generation of high-energy photons in relativistic jets. Themselves jets arise in this case at the last stage of the gravitational collapse of very massive stars, completely exhausted their thermonuclear fuel. This model is generally a good explanation of the nature of the absolute majority of long bursts, saladett but it is difficult to reconcile with the data obtained saladett by observing GRB 110328A.
Fig. 3 A small galaxy (marked by arrow) of 3.8 billion light years from the Sun - the alleged saladett source of the burst GRB 110328A. The picture was taken in visible light, April 4, 2011 wide-angle camera telescope "Hubble". Image from NASA press release: NASA / ESA / A. Fruchter (STScI) saladett
Nevertheless newfound surge has already received interpretation - until, of course, only provisional. saladett It has been observed with &
Fig. 1. GRB 110328A. Combined photo taken with ultraviolet / optical (white and purple) and X-ray (yellow and red) telescopes space observatory "Swift". Splash was recorded saladett March 28, 2011 only in X-rays (with an exposure of more than 3 hours). Image from NASA press release: NASA / Swift / Stefan Immler
March 28, 2011 the American space observatory "Swift" registered in the constellation Draco very unusual X-ray source (see. Fig. 1). He was classified as a gamma-ray burst (gamma-ray bursts) and received a catalog number GRB 110328A. To his study without delay connected space telescope "Hubble" and X-ray orbiting observatory "Chandra." NASA reported to the opening on 7 April. GRB 110328A stands out from the other gamma-ray bursts in several respects. Firstly, it was extremely long. As a rule, the maximum length of the so-called long gamma-ray bursts measured in tens of seconds, sometimes - in minutes or tens of minutes and is extremely rare - the clock (there is also a short gamma-ray bursts with an average length of 300 milliseconds, which constitute a separate family). New surge has been observed saladett for more than a week and shows no inclination to extinction (in fact, there is every reason to believe that it came to light for the first time the Earth for at least two days before he was discovered by "Swift"). However, the maximum energy saladett of the photon burst GRB 110328A on the third day of observations decreased significantly, but over the seventh and eighth days rose again, although not to the same level (these oscillations saladett can be easily seen in Fig. 2). Secondly, this burst of extremely bright and extremely volatile - as can be seen in the same graph, the intensity jumps dramatically and so quickly falls several saladett times a day. Until now, such a gamma-ray bursts have never been observed.
Astrophysics saladett differently explain the birth of gamma-ray bursts of different length. The most popular model for the origin of short bursts of claims that they arise from the collision of magnetized neutron stars that orbit around their common center of inertia and gradually approach each other due to the loss of kinetic energy carried away by gravitational waves. According to newly published results of computer simulation of this process, such a collision produces a rapidly rotating saladett black hole surrounded by a superhot plasma heated to about 10 billion degrees. Plasma particles move around the horizon hole at nearly the speed and thereby generate superstrong magnetic field oriented along its axis of rotation. These fields are created in the space okolodyrnom expanding the neck through which pulled the powerful streams of charged particles that generate saladett short gamma-ray bursts. However, the authors of the new work did not bring his model to the stage of formation of such flows - the so-called relativistic jets, or what is the same thing as relativistic jets. However, earlier theorists have shown that birth jets favorable magnetic field is in a configuration that was modeled in the new work.
Long gamma-ray bursts is usually explained again the generation of high-energy photons in relativistic jets. Themselves jets arise in this case at the last stage of the gravitational collapse of very massive stars, completely exhausted their thermonuclear fuel. This model is generally a good explanation of the nature of the absolute majority of long bursts, saladett but it is difficult to reconcile with the data obtained saladett by observing GRB 110328A.
Fig. 3 A small galaxy (marked by arrow) of 3.8 billion light years from the Sun - the alleged saladett source of the burst GRB 110328A. The picture was taken in visible light, April 4, 2011 wide-angle camera telescope "Hubble". Image from NASA press release: NASA / ESA / A. Fruchter (STScI) saladett
Nevertheless newfound surge has already received interpretation - until, of course, only provisional. saladett It has been observed with &
